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Mahmoud Fazilat; Arad Gholami
Abstract
Since literature is the manifestation and reflection of the realities of human life and their aspirations, it is constantly influenced by history. Therefore, the roots of many literary stories and narratives can be found in historical events and narratives. In this research, we focus on four historical ...
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Since literature is the manifestation and reflection of the realities of human life and their aspirations, it is constantly influenced by history. Therefore, the roots of many literary stories and narratives can be found in historical events and narratives. In this research, we focus on four historical and literary narratives that have a special type of deception as their motif: the historical narrative of Zopyrus during the Achaemenid era, the historical narrative of the battle of Peroz I with the Hephthalites during the Sassanid era, the story of the Crows and the Owls in Kelileh va Demneh and the story of the Christian Torturing King in the first book of Masnavi-ye Ma’navi. In order to provide a comprehensive view, at first, we give a summary of each of these four narratives (descriptive level) and then we explain their commonalities and differences (analytical level). The first narrative is about a Persian man named Zopyrus, who helped Darius the Great to conquer Babylon with a trick. The second narrative tells the story of a man from the companions of Akhshunwar, the ruler of the Hephthalites, who led to the defeat of the Sassanid army by gaining the trust of Peroz I. The third narrative depicts the conflict between two groups of birds, crows and owls, which ends in favor of the first group with the cleverness and cunning of a crow. The fourth narrative is the story of a Jewish king who, with the trick of his minister, causes internal conflict and mass killing of Christians. As can be seen, in all these four narratives, gaining the enemy’s trust by harming oneself is used as a motif, but the method of processing this motif is different in the aforementioned stories. This research, according to its topic and method, is conducted as library research. The findings of this research show that the main plot is the same in these four narratives, but their processing is different. In addition, the historical narrative of Zopyrus can be considered an ancient source for three other narratives; a source that has been neglected until now.
Mahmoud Fazilat; diana mahmoud
Abstract
Comparative literature is one of the most important topics in literary research, it can show the mutual influence of literature between different countries. On the other hand, the story and storytelling are the most important elements of literature, and knowing the elements of the story will lead to ...
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Comparative literature is one of the most important topics in literary research, it can show the mutual influence of literature between different countries. On the other hand, the story and storytelling are the most important elements of literature, and knowing the elements of the story will lead to a better understanding of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the differences and commonalities in the style and elements of the story with comparative study in the story elements of the first collection of short stories by two writers from Iran and Syria, "The Quenched Fire [Atash-e Khamoosh]" by Simin Daneshvar and "Maraya al-nas [People's Mirrors]" by Widad Sakakini. The ancient literature in Iran and Syria is connected with the concept of storytelling and anecdote, and both countries simultaneously got familiar with the phenomenon of short story as a contemporary literary type. Storytelling experiences in these two countries began with male writers, but eventually, women writers joined the ranks. In Iran in 1948, Simin Daneshvar published her collection "The Quenched Fire [Atash-e Khamoosh]", which was the first collection of persian short stories written by a woman, gave the hope for the emergence of a female storyteller. In Syria, the pioneer of story writing among women was widad Sakakini, who first published her stories in the weekly story column in some magazines, and then published her first collection of stories, Maraya al-Nas (Mirrors of the People) in 1945/1324. Among the first collection of short stories by women writers in Iran and Syria, there are many commonalities that indicate special story writing in the period of essay writing and report writing, and they have benefited less from the practical techniques of artistic short stories, but they are very important; Because they are among the pioneers of short stories and have made a great impact on story.
